Here, we studied the inhibitory receptor Siglec-11 that shows uniquely human expression in brain microglia and engages endogenous polysialic acid to suppress inflammation. While inhibitory receptors dampen cellular activation by recognizing self-associated molecules, the functions of activating counterparts are less clear. Paired immune receptors display near-identical extracellular ligand-binding regions but have intracellular sequences with opposing signaling functions. 8 Present address: Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México.7 Present address: Air Liquide, Delaware Research and Technology Center, Newark, DE, USA. 6 Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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